Revisit the History

The ancient laws of Sparta were manifested and written by a legendary lawmaker, Lycurgus, who reorganized the social and political structure of the polis in the 7th century B.C. He transformed it into a collective and highly-disciplined society. Healso devised the strictest military academy of the Agoge, wherein the Spartan boys were given training from childhood until they became adults.

The law reforms made by Lycurgus even included specific allowances and rules for the women of Sparta. Even though these rules and regulations made it appear as if the Spartan women were given more freedom when compared with an average Greek woman, they were really implemented in order to make sure that the society progressed as threatening, powerful, and disciplined. These women were perceived as the weapon and impetus by which Sparta continually advanced.

But there is no actual description or documentation which glorifies the ways of Spartan women. All historians still rely on the accounts of the Archaic Greek writers and poets, as well as other Greek literary figures in order to frame the pieces. They also sometimes rely on mythology to understand the culture and lives of the women of Sparta.

Lives of Spartan Women

It is a well-known fact that women of Sparta were renowned for their natural beauty. They were not allowed to wear any kind of enhancements or makeup. They were even imparted public education. This concept was completely radical and transforming – other Greek women were never formally educated. However, they were not to utilize their education to earn money or have careers. Most likely, Spartan women gained their income from their land holdings which they acquired via a public land distribution scheme. It is now known that is was unheard of for Greek women to own land..

As part of the formal education, a Spartan girl would have been allowed to exercise unclothed outdoors, similar to the Spartan boys. This allowance was new to the rest of the Greek world. An average Greek woman would have never been allowed to set foot out of doors, apart from collecting water. They were also not allowed to be naked with men in public. However, Spartan women not only worked out, but they also participated in athletics, such as footraces.

The allowances of athletics and exercise for women from Sparta, even though disapproved by the rest of the Greeks, were not considered a freedom move by the Spartans. This act was seen as a way to ensure that the fit and strong women of Sparta would reproduce, and their babies would become strong warriors. Their motives and methods were radical for the rest of the Greek world.

Another freedom which the women in ancient Sparta enjoyed was their ability to mingle with Spartan men in public. Apart from exercising with them, the Spartan women learned to trade political witticisms and conversations with the opposite sex. Actually, Spartan women were renowned for their outspoken nature and razor-sharp wit. There was a general consensus among the Greeks when Sparta fell from grace during the 4th century B.C.; if you gave a Greek woman an inch, she would definitely take a mile. But, the freedom and respect the women of Sparta gained in the early times, helped in creating a new beginning for women. Women were not perceived only as homemakers anymore, but were treated with more respect and dignity.

An Overview

You can even do your own bid to support efforts to find a possible cure and to ensure that every woman has direct and easy access to mammography screenings. For around 20 years, National Breast Cancer Awareness Month has been observed every October.

This provides a time to reflect on our loved ones who have both won and lost the battle against breast cancer. This also gives a chance to raise awareness toward finding a certain cure, which includes encouraging women to get regular mammograms.

Around 230,000 women in the United States will be diagnosed with this type of cancer. Also, it is predicted that nearly 40,000 patients will succumb to death from this disease, as per the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Breast Cancer Screening – The Importance

Kathleen Sebelius, U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, said in a general statement that mammography screening can help in lowering breast cancer mortality by detecting it in its early stages. During the early stage, the chances of a successful treatment are very high.

She said that if around 90 percent of women ages 40 and older received breast cancer screening, around 3,700 lives can be saved every year. Costs actually deter several patients from receiving these crucial screenings. As per the Affordable Care Act, general women’s preventive health care – like screenings for cervical cancer and mammograms – is covered with no extra costs involved.

This type of cancer is known as a heterogeneous disease, which occurs when any malignant cancer cells develop in the breast tissues. The cancer is not fatal always, as per the HHS.

The Month of Awareness

National Breast Cancer Awareness Month is a well-known international health campaign held annually which is organized by several, prominent breast cancer charities in order to raise funds every October for ongoing research into its primary cause, diagnosis, cure, treatment and prevention. Also, this is the time to increase the general awareness about the cancer.

Apart from providing a base for different charities to raise awareness about the disease and the charities work, this month is a special opportunity to remind women worldwide about the importance of breast cancer screening.

History

The main aim of this month from the beginning was to promote the significance of mammography as the primary effective tool to prevent and fight breast cancer. The Senior Corporate Vice President of Estee Lauder, Evelyn Lauder, forged The Breast Cancer Research Foundation in 1993.

It was she who denoted the pink ribbon as the symbol of breast cancer, although it was not the only time that this ribbon has been used as a symbol of breast cancer. The Susan G. Komen Foundation in the fall of1991 had actually distributed pink ribbons to the participants of the New York City race organized for the breast cancer survivors.

To know more about Breast Cancer in Young Women, click here

Gender inequality in sports

There is a general understanding among people that being successful at a sport means becoming a successful man. However, for girls the problem is when a sport does not jibe with the image of womanhood or femininity.

An Overview

Tennis is a sport which is considered acceptable for both males and females. Still, women are restricted to play only three sets, while men generally play five sets (although, this is slowly changing, and in tournaments, men generally play three sets as well). This difference has caused much debate regarding the prize money paid at Wimbledon where female tennis players are paid less.
According to Billie Jean King, a former tennis player, female tennis players are capable of playing five sets, but a woman fainted once, and the all-male board finalized that women should play the best of three sets.
Another example is football where the Football Association actually banned women’s football in 1921. This ban was not lifted for another 50 years.
The very first Olympics in 1896 witnessed no women competing in the events. In the second Olympics, they were allowed to play tennis and golf. Over the years, women were allowed to play in several other sports, and they competed against each other.
Even though bans on sporting events are lifted, it is still not considered appropriate to mix the genders. Several schools still segregate girls and boys in school sports. In sporting events such as a marathon, men and women are not allowed to start running at the same time, even if they are not competing with one another.
When women play traditional male sports, they tend to rarely get sponsorships. These are only granted in sports which are considered neutral or feminine.
Even the media does not help. Women’s sporting events, such as gymnastics, hockey, and netball, usually receive very little to no coverage at all whereas traditional male sports like rugby and football get full coverage.
In management and coaching, you find a high ratio of men when compared to women. You can find men coaching women, but very rarely are there women coaching men.
Even though there are women who hold positions in sports administration, they usually hold lower positions than men who generally hold the management positions.

Conclusion

Even though gender inequalities in sports are an issue which has been debated recently, it is clear that female athletes are still not fairly recognized. I sincerely hope that this gender discrimination will be curbed, and female athletes will eventually gain equal recognition and respect with men athletes. In 2006, the Women’s Sport Foundation stated that “Women athletes are no different from men athletes in the courage, dedication and skill they bring to their sports.”It is time that the sporting community takes notice and eradicates discrimination of female athletes.

An Overview
This hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, belongs to the peptide hormones class. Another name for this hormone is luteotropic hormones. Both men and women produce this hormone at regular intervals in a given day. The prolactin hormone in women assists them in lactation, i.e. breast milk production. At the same time, the mammary glands are also enlarged, thanks to the prolactin hormone, making breastfeeding possible.

Prolactin Levels in Women
The normal levels of prolactin hormone in a non-pregnant woman are 2-29 nanograms/milliliter, while in a pregnant woman the levels are 10-209 nanograms/milliliter. You can notice the difference between the hormone levels in both pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding – What Happens?
As mentioned earlier, the levels of this hormone are rapidly increased when a woman is pregnant and when she is breastfeeding. Soon after a woman gets pregnant, the mammary glands also get enhanced, indicating that the mother’s body is preparing itself for breastfeeding.

Another hormone that plays a major role in the development of breasts is estrogen. Once the mammary glands are enhanced and the breasts are enlarged, the prolactin hormone takes over and stimulates the production of cells that produce milk, and thus begins the lactation procedure. All this takes place before the woman has given birth to a child.

The prolactin levels sustain their higher levels even after delivery and during the period of breastfeeding. Once the phase of breastfeeding is complete, the hormone levels begin to subside and start coming down. So, a pregnant and breastfeeding woman need not worry about the high levels of this hormone, as it is only a natural process.

Pituitary Tumors
The pituitary gland can develop tumors, which is another cause for the raise of the prolactin hormone levels in the body. The presence of pituitary tumors disrupts the function of the pituitary gland causing excessive production of prolactin. This would result in irregular menstrual cycles, and also lactation in women who are not yet pregnant. Depending on the size of the tumor, women can suffer from severe headaches and vision impairment as well.

Anti-Psychotic Drugs
Prolonged usage of anti-psychotic drugs is another reason for the high levels of prolactin hormone in the body. This leads to hormonal imbalances in the body.

Even though it is true that invasive breast cancer incidence rates in young women, who are under 50, is stable since 1986 and that the death and incidence rates usually increase with age, here is a shocking revelation! As per the American Cancer Society Surveillance Research, the contained (in situ) breast cancer incidence rates have been on a rise since 1999 among younger women.

An Overview

Most young women usually don’t think themselves to be at risk for breast cancer as they tend to think that they are too young . Only seven percent of all breast cancer cases strike women who are under 40. But, breast cancer can actually occur at any stage, and all women must be aware of their personal risks for developing breast cancer.

Factors that can Cause Breast Cancer in Young Women

There are numerous factors which can put you at a high risk for manifesting breast cancer. These include:

• Personal history of any non-cancerous breast ailments or breast cancer.
• Family history of breast cancer, most importantly in a sister, daughter or mother.
• Any radiation therapy history on the chest before age 40.
• Proof of a particular genetic defect such as BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation. Those who do carry any defects in one of these genes are more susceptible to develop breast cancer.
• Gail Index score of a minimum 1.7%. (This index uses numerous risk factors like number of breast biopsies, age of first pregnancy and first menstrual period, breast cancer family history and age to calculate risk of manifesting breast cancer within the coming 5 years.)
• Several other risk factors involve race, obesity, dense breasts, excessive consumption of red meat and heavy alcohol intake.

A few studies have indicated that recent use of any oral contraceptives can lead to a risk of manifesting breast cancer when compared with women who never took them. Those who stopped using any contraceptive pills for more than ten year do not have any imminent threat.However, other studies have not highlighted any such effect. Scientists continue to observe the conflicting results in trials in order to determine whether oral contraceptives do play any role in the development of breast cancer.

Young Women and Breast Cancer – What’s so Different?

• Diagnosing this cancer in women who are under 40 is a tough job as their breast tissue tends to be denser when compared with the breast tissue of older women. By the time a young woman can actually feel a lump in her breast, the cancer most often reaches an advanced stage.
• Additionally, the cancer can be more aggressive in young women and less likely to be aptly treated. Those who have been diagnosed with breast cancer at a very young age are more susceptible to have an altered (mutated) BRCA1/BRCA2 gene.
• Any delays in detecting breast cancer can also be a problem. Most young women who have been diagnosed with this cancer tend to ignore the initial, warning signs – like unusual discharge or a breast lump – as they believe that they can’t have cancer at such a young age.
• Most women tend to think that they are way too young to develop breast cancer and think that a lump is simply a harmless growth or cyst.
• A few health care providers or doctors even dismiss such lumps in the breast as simple cysts. They advise these young women to follow a “wait and see” approach.

Is it possible to prevent breast cancer in young females?

• Even though this cancer can’t be prevented or stopped, early diagnosis and immediate treatment can definitely improve chances of survival. Around 90% of women who are diagnosed with this cancer at an early stage will survive. Following instructions and recommendations about mammograms and clinical exams increases the likelihood that breast cancer can be detected earlier.
• Women should understand their own risk factors and discuss breast health with their doctor or health care provider.

Should I get a mammogram done if I am under age 40?

Generally regular mammograms are not considered for women who are younger than age 40 as their breast tissue seems to be denser, which makes mammograms a lesr effective screening tool.

Additionally, many experts tend to believe that a low risk factor of developing this cancer at a very young age really does not justify the mammography cost or the radiation exposure. But, screening mammograms can be recommended for women who have a family history or any other associated risks.

Young Women – Screening for Breast Cancer

According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), self-examinations of the breasts are optional for women who are in their 20s. Physicians must discuss both the limitations and benefits of such exams with their concerned patients.

Regular clinical breast exams must be performed by your physician at least every 3 years if you are about to turn 20. Also, the ACS recommends regular annual screening mammograms beginning from the age of 40.

How is breast cancer treated in younger women?

The treatment mode at any age depends on the patient’s general health as well as the extent of the cancer. The treatment options include various surgeries:

• Mastectomy – Removal of the affected breast.
• Lumpectomy – Removal of the breast lump and some tissue surrounding the affected area.

Radiation therapy is usually implemented after a lumpectomy. Also, hormone therapy or chemotherapy is most often recommended post-surgery in order to destroy any cancerous cells and prevent recurrence.

Breast cancer also poses various other difficulties and challenges for younger women, for example, pregnancy, fertility and sexuality post treatment. Hence, it is important to be aware of breast cancer in young women and take immediate action to curtail the disease at an early stage itself.

We all know that relationships can be difficult and stressful enough without having distance separating you from your loved one.

If your loved one is far away from you, then you know the frustrations and stress of having a relationship through email and over the phone. If you’ve never experienced one, you might doubt whether this kind of love is possible. The truth is, many couples who have been in a long distance relationship have come out on top. Read on to discover 6 sensible tips to follow if you want to make your long distance love work.

1. Calculate the Odds:

The odds of a solid long distance relationship are in your favor if you have been dating for a considerable amount of time prior to the physical separation. If you have never met the person, and have been dating electronically, your odds diminish.

2. Know What You Want:

Before embarking on a distance separation, try to be on the same page with each other by openly communicating your expectations. A few topics which you should address are:

• Whether you will remain monogamous or not
• How often will you see each other
• How will you maintain communication

Being more prepared for the changes is best for your relationship to remain healthy and happy. Do try to involve your partner in your new everyday life as much as you can. Telling them about trivial issues will bring you closer to them and can ease any awkward feelings you might experience.

3. Build Trust:

Trust will definitely be tested or questioned in this kind of relationship; hence, it is crucial that you ensure you trust each other completely.

Never get involved with someone if you already have questions or doubts regarding their faithfulness, as it will only serve to compound your insecurities.

4. Take Pride in Your Independence:

Trust will definitely be tested or questioned in this kind of relationship; hence, it is crucial that you ensure you trust each other completely.

Never get involved with someone if you already have questions or doubts regarding their faithfulness, as it will only serve to compound your insecurities.

5. Be Creative:

Feeling gloomy that you can’t come home to him/her after work every day? Technology is always at your fingertips – webcams, email, text and phone calls. Don’t forget there is also the old fashioned, romantic way to communicate with your loved one by sending a care package or a love letter through snail mail.

6. Know Your Own Limits:

You have to be honest with yourself as well as with each other regarding the status of your relationship. If you think that the distance is way too much for you, then voice your concerns. Only you and your partner know what is best for the both of you and communicating clearly can ease your fears or help you decide what is best.

long distance love

work and last forever. Remember, if you love your guy, then it is worth everything. Be honest and love him unconditionally!

Heart Attack Symptoms in Women

Myocardial infraction, which we commonly refer to as a heart attack is known to affect men more, and is also considered to be the primary problems that causes death across the world. Though men tend to suffer more from this problem, 267,000 women across the world are known to suffer every year as well from a heart attack.

As mentioned above, the symptoms that women experience when having a mild heart attack might not exactly convey the problem. Chest pain, which is considered to be the most common symptom of a heart attack, is not observed in nearly 70 percent women during a mild stroke. So, let us look at the other signs and symptoms that act as indicators.

Chest Pain

As mentioned above, most of the women have this symptom missing during a heart attack episode. But in the 30 percent who experience it, the pain can range anywhere between mild and intense, and some women even feel like the pain is crushing their chest. Along with the chest, the shoulders, upper back, jaw and neck also begin to pain.

Fatigue

Just before experiencing an episode, most women (nearly 70 percent) tend to feel fatigued. If the fatigue is unusual and unexpected, then it can indicate the triggering of a heart attack episode. One symptom that should compel you to call emergency.

Indigestion

Most people would mistake this for a gastric reflux, and dismiss this as a common heart burn. But if an antacid fails to relieve your problem, then visit a doctor immediately as it could be the onset of a heart attack.

Breathing Shortness

Another common indicator of a heart stroke is one’s inability to breathe. A person would be found to be gasping for air in vain. Nearly 48 percent women are known to suffer from shortness of breath before the onset of a stroke.

The above heart attack symptoms in women should help you identify an episode of a heart attack.

Warning Signs of Kids’ Behavior Problems

• They have a tendency to harm or threaten other people, pets or even themselves.
• Involved in acts of vandalism that are within your property or the neighbor’s property.
• Stealing and lying.
• Finding excuses to ‘skip’ school and a decrease in performance at school.
• The habit of smoking and drinking at a very early age, and sometimes taking drugs.
• Involved in sexual activities when still a minor.
• Persistent temper tantrums and a habit to get into arguments.
• Hostility towards a higher authority at all times.

The above signs and symptoms would indicate that a child may be suffering from a behavioral disorder, and it becomes imperative that you see a doctor immediately. Dealing with these problems in the early stage is important, as there is every chance that the child would disintegrate mentally, and can develop suicidal tendencies.

How do I Change My Child’s Behavior?

Family therapy is one of the ways that parents can help their child. A child’s psyche is such that  he/she continue to behave in a certain way when rewarded or would discontinue their bad behavior when ignored. Parents have to maintain consistency when treating their child. For instance, you cannot praise a child for doing something at one time, and punish him/her for doing the same at a different time. So, what should you keep in mind about your child’s behavior?

• Try to understand that what you are considering as a problem is in fact, a developmental cycle in the child and it may be age appropriate.
• You can stop a particular behavior if you consider it inappropriate by either ignoring the child’s act or by telling them the consequences of the act. You can create timeout places and stop speaking to the child for a certain time if you want to punish them.
• Tell your child what the correct behavior is, and let the child know that you may reward them upon implementing.

Remember that you must try to implement and follow a few rules and regulations. This should be done in a gentle manner so as to help them understand that this is all for their benefit.

An Overview

Firstly, when it comes to maintaining discipline in kids, consistency is required. This means that one has to exercise the same kind of discipline for each problem because your failing to do so will give the kids a chance to falter. Learning how to discipline you child is not the same as giving punishment.

How is Disciplining Different From Punishment?

In order for your child has to learn discipline, one needs to achieve this through teaching and not by punishing. Teach your child to differentiate between right and wrong; the importance of their rights and what it means to have respect for themselves and others. Help them to understand the importance of right behavior and self-confidence.

Teaching will let your child know that you love them and that you are actually trying to help them. Punishing them for not doing the right things will only cause them to become stressful and frustrated.

Tips to Discipline Your Kid

• Implement a calm approach when your child misbehaves rather than yelling or screaming at them. Staying calm, in a way will tell the child that this is this is how they should approach problematic situations. Once you start yelling, there is every chance that the child will also have the same approach when faced with a situation later on in their life.
• Try not to be overly critical. Let the child understand that you are unhappy with their behavior even although you love them very much.
• Praise your child when it is appropriate. A child needs praise for their subtle victories. However some parents do have a habit of praising their kids for no reason, which will cause them to underestimate the value of true praise.
• You are the role model. Kids look up to their parents for nearly everything, and if you fail to set the right example, you are definitely setting the wrong example.

Quick weave hairstyles

have been creating ripples of excitement among women. This hairstyle are really useful for creating completely new looks in divas who desire to change their looks now and then! However, for many, being in sync with the latest hair trends can be confusing at times. The fact is that what is in fashion today can be replaced with some other trend or idea tomorrow. Hence, this is why, finding a right hairstyle which is the latest in’ thing can be a humongous task. Read on to know more about

On some occasions, it is the sassy, curly hairstyle that makes the world goes around; however, sometimes it can be the straight, sophisticated look that does the trick! So, finding the right hairstyle for you is never, ever considered as an easy task.

Making all the Heads Turn!

Fashionistas who love to don a different look select quick hair weaves. This style is simple and useful. Most importantly, it can be used when one desires to add length to the entire hairdo. Hair weaves are nothing but basic hair extensions. One can opt for various methods for using this hairstyle. Braiding, tracking, bonding, or even simply clipping extensions to the original hair can be done in order to obtain a brand new look.

Hair weaves are either made of original hair or synthetic hair. These extensions can be used in any style or form to create a complete new hairdo. Let us discover some of the quick weave hairdos for the stunning effect.

Recreate Quick Weave Hairdos

If you are looking for sporting a new hairstyle, then you must know that there are various ways to beautify your overall look with the simple help of hair weaves. The best part is that you can achieve this look in a matter of minutes, without needing to spend hours at a salon. The natural looking hair weaves are much easier to maintain and sport. The hair weave tends to be closer to your own natural hair color and shade. One can easily try various partings to create a novel looks.

Don’t all women love the beauty of stylish, sophisticated updos. This hairstyle has certain elegance, which makes it the most obvious choice to be adorned with gowns. In this case, the hair weaves can be applied to strands of hair and piled up behind. Also, one can be creative and curl to acquire a more feminine look.

Do’s and Don’ts

While selecting this hairstyle, you must always keep in your mind that you must visit an expert hair stylist to get professional advice. A hair expert will definitely help you to acquire these different looks with finesse and much ease. You must also ensure that you are aware of the hair care routine post quick weave.

You must also know that hair weaves need some amount of care and maintenance. You must always use quality products in order to avoid damaging your tresses. If you desire to change your hairstyle, then you can always go back to your hairstylist to remove the attached hair extensions.

I hope now you know more about quick weave hairstyles for women. If you are a fashionista who keeps reinventing her looks, then go ahead and have fun flaunting this new look. And learn to ignore the envious glances. Be the diva you always aspired to become and be a sensational style icon! But remember not to overdo the look and end up being a fashion disaster!

An Overview

• This type of pregnancy doctors consider as a common and even life-threatening situation, which affects nearly one in every 100 pregnancies. This type of pregnancy happens when the fertilized egg is ‘implanted’ outside the womb’s cavity, most frequently in the fallopian tube.
• As the pregnancy term extends, even the fallopian tube start to stretch which leads to pain. If this condition is left untreated, the tube can burst, which causes internal bleeding. This internal bleeding can make one collapse or even die.
• The symptoms associated with these pregnancies are similar to normal pregnancy symptoms. However, some women do not have any symptoms at all. As a pregnancy begins to develop somewhere else other than the uterus, there is no location for the placenta to join.
• If left untreated, this type of pregnancy developing inside the fallopian tube may finally cause the fallopian tube to rupture. Any complications resulting from a ruptured tube can become life threatening.

10 symptoms of ectopic pregnancies

1. Vaginal bleeding or recognizing -

   Vaginal bleeding may be one of the initial warning signs of an ectopic pregnancy. Even though bleeding in the early stage of pregnancy does not necessarily mean there is something wrong, if you do experience bleeding or recognizing you must immediately report the incident to your physician.

2. Slow rising of hCG levels -

   If your doctor suspects an ectopic pregnancy or vaginal recognizing, he may run a quantitative hCG in order to look in the initial stages. The slow rising in the hCG levels acts as an indicator of such pregnancies.

3. Cramping -

   Normal or mild cramping during the early stage of pregnancy is common, although cramping along with spotting or severe cramping is not normal. If you have cramping on your one side or if it is similar to menstrual cramps, this may be an indication of an ectopic pregnancy.

4. Dizziness -

   Experiencing dizziness is another sign of an ectopic pregnancy. This can be a result of internal bleeding which could also be a result of one not eating properly, does not obtain enough sleep or is anemic.

5. Pain on one facet -

   Women can observe mild to severe abdominal pain in either side of the abdomen, and if you have this symptom, you should immediately contact your physician. However, not every woman with an ectopic pregnancy will notice pain, however after the tube has ruptured, the pain can also get intense and severe.

6. Feeling constipated, gas pain or rectal pressure -

   Sometimes the pain that you may feel can be mistaken for constipation or gas pain. If the pain is accompanied by internal bleeding, it can exert pressure on the rectal section.

7. Low blood pressure -

   If an ectopic pregnancy is undiagnosed and you have internal bleeding, this might cause low blood pressure. You may feel tired, exhausted and feel breathless.

8. Shoulder pain -

   Shoulder pain can occur when the pregnancy has ruptured. The internal bleeding, which occurs due to the rupture of the tube can even cause an irritation of the nerves which finally leads to shoulder pain. This pain in the shoulder indicates that the tube has ruptured already. Hence, it is important to get medical attention, if you notice shoulder pain along with any of the symptoms we have discussed..

9. Nausea -

   As morning illness is a common occurrence during the initial stage of pregnancy, this sign can be difficult to distinguish from other traditional symptoms of pregnancy. However if there is nausea coupled with any of the other symptoms, you need to consult your physician.

10. Shock -

    When the tube ruptures, you may experience internal bleeding which causes the body to go into shock. These pregnancies can be life threatening, hence, a ruptured fallopian tube may require surgery, hospitalization or even blood transfusion. If you experience any shock symptoms like fainting, weakness, sweating, dizziness, anxiety or clod clammy skin, you must immediately consult your doctor.

I hope you are now aware of the 10 symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy. It is important that you consult your doctor if you experience any of these signs. Take care of yourself!

Here is a detailed description about the

signs, causes, risk factors and treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

Any pregnancy initiates with a fertilized eyes. The fertilized egg, normally, attaches to the uterus lining. In the case of this type of pregnancy, this fertilized egg attaches itself somewhere else. This type of pregnancy occurs in one of the fallopian tubes which carry the egg from the ovaries to the fallopian tubes located in the uterus. In very rare cases, such pregnancy can occur in the cervix, ovary or abdomen.

Such pregnancies can’t normally proceed. The egg fails to survive, and the growing tissue can damage different maternal structures. If left untreated, even huge blood loss is quite possible. Hence, early treatment of such pregnancy definitely helps to preserve the possibility for healthy pregnancies in the future.

To have a clear picture what is an ectopic pregnancy, check out this animated video clip

What are the Causes?

In normal cases, a fertilized egg is transferred from the ovary from the fallopian tube to the womb, where it is implanted on the wall after 6-7 days post fertilization. In this type of pregnancy, the egg does not travel to the womb or uterus but gets implanted outside the womb. This usually occurs in either one of the fallopian tubes wherein it does not develop properly.

In several cases, the exact reason of an ectopic pregnancy is still unknown, although it occurs due to some form of damage to the tube. This tube can become narrow or blocked by previous infection or surgery. The most important cause of infection is Chlamydia that has no symptoms. This includes salpingitis, PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) and pelvic sepsis.

What are the Signs and Symptoms?

In several cases, a woman with an ectopic  pregnancy, cannot experience any symptoms or indication of expecting a baby. If they do occur, initial signs and symptoms, can be the same as those of a normal pregnancy – fatigue, nausea, breast tenderness and a missed period. It will be positive if you think it is pregnancy and take rest.

However, this kind of pregnancy one is not able to continue normally. The initial warning signals of an ectopic pregnancy include:

• Cramps on one side of the pelvis
• Lower abdominal pain
• Light vaginal bleeding

When the fallopian bursts or ruptures, the signs may include:

• Lightheaded
• Dizziness
• Stabbing, sharp pain in the neck or shoulder, abdomen or pelvis

When to See Your Health Care Provider

Seek emergency medical help or call 911 if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Shock, fainting or extreme lightheaded
• Strong feeling to defecate sans results
• Shoulder pain
• Heavy vaginal bleeding
• Severe abdominal pain

Who is at Risk?

Any woman who is sexually active and has reached child- bearing age is susceptible to an ectopic pregnancy, although the presence of any of the following factors can increase the risk:

• Age between 25-34
• Any previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease, like Chlamydia
• Any previous surgery in the abdominal area like appendix removal
• Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD)
• Intake of progesterone contraceptive pills
• Smoking
• Women who have had an ectopic pregnancy
• IVF treatment

What are the Risk Factors?

Around 20 in every 1000 pregnancies are ectopic in nature. Various factors linked to ectopic pregnancies, include:

• Previous Case:

  If you ever experienced an ectopic pregnancy before, you are more susceptible to have another one.

• Infection or Inflammation:

  Most women with such pregnancies have experienced either fallopian tube inflammation (salpingitis) or an infection in the ovaries, fallopian tubes or uterus (pelvic inflammatory disease). Chlamydia or gonorrhea can result in tubal problems that increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

• Fertility Problems:

  Intake of drugs in order to stimulate ovulation can also increase the risk.

• Structural Complications:

  Ectopic pregnancies are more likely when one has an unusually shaped tube or if the tube is damaged during an operation.

• Contraceptive Choice:

  When IUD or birth control pills are taken as per the correct instructions, pregnancy is very rare. If not it is possible to have an ectopic pregancy.

What are the Treatment Options?

In many cases, such pregnancies can be treated immediately to prevent any rupture and excessive blood loss. The primary decision regarding which method of treatment to implement depends on your overall condition and how early is it detected. In a early pregnancy period which does not cause any bleeding, one has a choice between surgery or using medicines to terminate the pregnancy.

Medicine

In order to end such a pregnancy, you can use methotrexate. This medicine helps you to avoid an incision as well as general anaesthesia. However, it does lead to several side effects.

It can take many weeks of conducting hormone blood-level testing to ensure the success of the treatment. This medicine effectively works:

• When the embryo does not exhibit any cardiovascular activity
• In the initial 6 weeks of your pregnancy
• When the levels of pregnancy hormones (such as human chorionic gonadotropin) are considerably low. It must be less than 5,000.

Surgery

If you have an ectopic pregnancy which leads to high levels of hCG, bleeding or severe symptoms, immediate surgery is required. This is important as medicines are not going to work in such cases, and a rupture is highly possible if the pregnancy is prolonged. Wherever possible, a laparoscopy is performed whereby a small incision is made. If you have a ruptured pregnancy, then emergency surgery is crucial.

Expectant Management

If you are in the early stages of pregnancy and it appears to be aborting naturally on its own, there is no need to seek any treatment. Your physician will test your blood regularly to ensure that your levels of pregnancy hormones are lowering. This kind of monitoring is called expectant management.

Such pregnancies can be sometimes resistant to any method of treatment. This happens:

• If bleeding does not stop or hCG levels do not lower even after taking Methotrexate. Hence, you must opt for surgery.
• Post surgery, you can take the Methotrexate afterwards.
• If you have Rh-negative blood type, then Rh immunoglobulin is given in order to protect any possible pregnancies in the future against Rh sensitization.

Medicine Versus Surgery – Think About It!

• The medicine, Methoterxate is generally considered as the first choice of treatment in the initial stage of pregnancy. Post the injection of the medicine, daily follow-up blood tests are required for weeks to come.
• Various types of surgical options are available – whenever possible, only a small incision is made in the tubes, instead of removing a tubal section. . This former is a salpingostomy and the latter a salpingectomy.
• Surgery can be your only option for treating the condition if you have completed more than 6 weeks of term or if you are experiencing internal bleeding.

It is important to report to and consult your doctor, if you are experiencing any signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy. Be careful and take notice if there are any changes in your pregnancy.

Recommendations

According to the American College of Sports Medicine, every person should do 30 minutes of moderate to intense cardio five days a week. They can also do 20 minutes of vigorously intensive cardio three times a week. According to the Centers for Disease Control, it is recommended that adults do 150 minutes of exercise (moderately intense) every week. It is also suggested that adults can do 135 minutes of vigorously intense cardio each. Following these guidelines will allow these individuals to enjoy numerous health benefits.. Moderate exercise includes walking at a brisk pace with lots of hard exertion. Vigorous exercise, on the other hand, includes walking and jogging.

Goals

Women who are beginning a new cardio exercise regimen must tailor their workouts to meet desired goals. You must know that calorie expenditure is specific to a person’s metabolism. This means women who desire to shed a few pounds may have different workout needs. For instance, a woman who weighs 140 lbs. and runs at a pace of five mph every 30 minutes actually burns enough calories to shed half a pound every week.

Duration and Intensity

According to Dr. Richard Lampman, an exercise physiologist, beginners must first primarily focus on properconsistency and form. Once they are comfortable with a weekly routine, exercisers can then begin to challenge themselves with increased duration and intensity. Different ways to add intensity include involving circuit training and increasing speed in your biking and running routine..

Cardio Workouts for Women

Walking

Regardless of how sedentary you are, you still exercise throughout the day without knowing it. Things like walking to your couch, car and to and from your office desk all count. The idea is to gradually incorporate more workouts in your day, until you have a strict, solid regimen that works the best for you. Think, what more could be easier than walking. When you are beginning, you must aim for walking for 15 minutes every day. Gradually, you can increase your time to 20-30 minutes every set. Additionally, you must ensure that you have a reasonable pace.

Cycling

This is as riding your bike around your neighborhood. You can do this for 10-20 minutes. Allow yourself to feel it out, and consider what pace actually works the best for you. The idea is not to tire yourself out on your first attempt.. Many individuals, who follow this either end up injuring themselves, tend to lose motivation, or both of these things. However, don’t let this happen to you. If you prefer to workout indoors, then you can select a little resistance on your cycle. Once you are used to a consistent pace, you must increase the workout intensity.

Jumping Jacks

Here is one more workout for any beginner. With this exercise, you need to start in an upright position, and jump with your feet apart, and clap your arms above your head in a simultaneous motion. It is a very easy exercise. The average healthy woman could easily complete two sets of jumping jacks at the beginner level. However, this can vary depending on your strength and health. It is important to start with an intensity you feel comfortable with and gradually increase it.

Like it or not, there are millions of women who are victims of violence in both nations plagued with war and in those where peace is known to prevail. Read on to know more about this harsh reality that many have to still face today—violence against women.

History Provides Evidence

It was only in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century that women began to be seen as equals in what was until then a patriarchal, male-dominated society. After much hardship and struggle, women were granted equality to their male counterparts. But, centuries of history just won’t allow women to enjoy this right.
It is time that governments all across the world take heed of the issue and strive to protect women from not only gender-based bias, but gender-based violence as well.

You would be startled to know that at least one woman out of three across the world has been beaten, abused or has been forced into a sexual act. Do you know that as of 1997, according to the WHO, 135 million women suffered genital mutilation? In many nations across the world (which includes developed nations like the US and Britain) women are forced into sexual slavery and prostitution. When it comes to domestic violence against women, the horrendous incidents of acid throwing, breast ironing, bride burning, rape, foot binding, honor killing, etc., are only increasing by the day.

Unfortunately, the ever-increasing accounts of discrimination against women are only expanding the divide between men and women, as far as power and superiority are concerned. While we should actually be looking at how to curb the ongoing violence against women, the situation is proving to be otherwise.

The Discrimination

Another catalyst that adds to this ongoing problem is discrimination. Women across the world are being discriminated on the grounds of ethnicity, race, social status, age, religion and sexual identity.

Discrimination is only adding to women’s woes, making them even more vulnerable and susceptible to violence. Not only that, the very same discrimination has become a very big hurdle in obtaining justice.

It is high time that nations around the world protect women and offer them justice by strictly implementing the laws that are there to uphold women’s rights. It is the implementation failure of the laws that is allowing many offenders to go unscathed, despite violating the rights of women. Such offenders should be made an example of so that one would have to think twice before wanting to act violently against women.

A Few Facts Providing, Plenty to Think About

Getting raped by a stranger, or even a husband, sometimes creates severe health problems in women. Not only that, one is also violating a woman’s human right by committing this forceful act. According to a WHO study, nearly 71 percent of women have reported to have suffered an act of sexual violence at some point in their lives.

The physical, mental and sexual repercussions that a woman has to suffer because of sexual violence are many, and some of these women are also known to become vulnerable to contracting HIV.

The following factors are known to increase the risk of violence against women: alcohol, lack of education and gender-inequality experiences of child maltreatment.

Violence against women is a real shame, considering the civilization we live in today. Each one of us has to do our part to make sure that the dignity of the female counterparts remains intact.